Russia Federal and Capitals - States / Provinces of Russia

Written and Fact-checked by | Last Updated On: May 27, 2026

Russia is a federation composed of 85 federal subjects, which are the highest-level administrative divisions in the country. The federal subjects are further divided into municipalities, which can be either urban or rural.

Russia is the largest country in the world, spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, and bordered by 14 countries along with the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. The country is divided into 89 federal subjects including republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, autonomous oblasts, and federal cities. Moscow is the national capital and also the largest city in Russia.

Russia includes tundra, taiga forests, mountains, steppes, river basins, Arctic coastlines, and vast Siberian landscapes extending across Eurasia. Different federal subjects are known for energy production, mining, manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, shipping, and cultural diversity.

Key Facts

  • National capital: Moscow
  • Total population: 146,000,000 (Official estimate 2025)
  • Total area: 17,098,246 km² (6,601,670 sq miles)
  • Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB)
  • Bordering countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, North Korea
  • Total Federal Subjects: 89
  • Total Federal Districts: 8

Types of Federal Subjects

Federal Subject TypeTotal NumberDescription
Republics24Autonomous regions with ethnic minorities and local constitutions
Oblasts48Standard administrative regions
Krais9Territorial administrative regions
Autonomous Okrugs4Autonomous minority regions
Federal Cities3Cities with federal-level status
Autonomous Oblast1Single autonomous oblast region

Major Federal Subjects of Russia

Total major administrative divisions shown: 20 | Combined population: 146,000,000 | Combined area: 17,098,246 km²

#Federal SubjectCapital CityFederal DistrictArea (km²)Population (Latest Census)
1Altai KraiBarnaulSiberian167,9962,200,000
2BashkortostanUfaVolga143,6004,000,000
3ChechnyaGroznyNorth Caucasian17,3001,500,000
4Krasnodar KraiKrasnodarSouthern75,4855,800,000
5Krasnoyarsk KraiKrasnoyarskSiberian2,366,7972,900,000
6Leningrad OblastGatchinaNorthwestern83,9082,000,000
7MoscowMoscowCentral2,56113,200,000
8Moscow OblastKrasnogorskCentral44,3298,700,000
9Nizhny Novgorod OblastNizhny NovgorodVolga76,6243,100,000
10Novosibirsk OblastNovosibirskSiberian177,7562,800,000
11Primorsky KraiVladivostokFar Eastern164,6731,900,000
12Republic of DagestanMakhachkalaNorth Caucasian50,3003,200,000
13Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)YakutskFar Eastern3,083,5231,000,000
14Republic of TatarstanKazanVolga67,8474,000,000
15Rostov OblastRostov-on-DonSouthern100,9674,100,000
16Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgNorthwestern1,4395,700,000
17Sakhalin OblastYuzhno-SakhalinskFar Eastern87,101470,000
18Sverdlovsk OblastYekaterinburgUral194,3074,300,000
19Volgograd OblastVolgogradSouthern112,8772,400,000
20Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous OkrugSalekhardUral769,250550,000

Largest Federal Subjects by Area

  • Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - 1,190,553 sq mi (3,083,523 km²)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai - 913,825 sq mi (2,366,797 km²)
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 296,989 sq mi (769,250 km²)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast - 75,023 sq mi (194,307 km²)
  • Novosibirsk Oblast - 68,632 sq mi (177,756 km²)
  • Altai Krai - 64,863 sq mi (167,996 km²)
  • Primorsky Krai - 63,580 sq mi (164,673 km²)
  • Bashkortostan - 55,444 sq mi (143,600 km²)

Most Populous Federal Subjects

  • Moscow - Population: 13,200,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Moscow Oblast - Population: 8,700,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Krasnodar Krai - Population: 5,800,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Saint Petersburg - Population: 5,700,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast - Population: 4,300,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Rostov Oblast - Population: 4,100,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Bashkortostan - Population: 4,000,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
  • Republic of Tatarstan - Population: 4,000,000 (Official Estimate 2025)

Federal Districts of Russia

  • Central Federal District
  • Far Eastern Federal District
  • North Caucasian Federal District
  • Northwestern Federal District
  • Siberian Federal District
  • Southern Federal District
  • Ural Federal District
  • Volga Federal District

Federal Subjects with Arctic Coastline

  • Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
  • Murmansk Oblast
  • Arkhangelsk Oblast
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Federal Subjects Sharing International Borders

  • Norway: Murmansk Oblast
  • Finland: Republic of Karelia, Murmansk Oblast
  • China: Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast
  • Kazakhstan: Altai Krai, Orenburg Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast
  • Mongolia: Republic of Tuva, Republic of Altai
  • North Korea: Primorsky Krai

Major Economic Activities by Federal Subject

Federal SubjectMain Economic ActivityKnown For
MoscowFinance and servicesNational capital and economic center
Republic of TatarstanOil production and manufacturingIndustrial development and energy
Krasnodar KraiAgriculture and tourismBlack Sea resorts and farming
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous OkrugNatural gas productionMajor Arctic energy reserves
Primorsky KraiShipping and tradePacific ports and maritime commerce
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)Mining and diamondsCold climate and mineral wealth

Sources

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