Written and Fact-checked by Whereig Editors | Last Updated On: May 27, 2026
Nepal is divided into seven provinces, which were established as part of the country's federal restructuring process in 2015. Here are the provinces of Nepal:
Nepal is a landlocked Himalayan country in South Asia bordered by China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. The country is divided into 7 provinces for administrative governance and regional development. Kathmandu is the national capital and also the largest city in Nepal.
The country includes Himalayan mountains, river valleys, hills, forests, plains, and fertile agricultural regions stretching from the high Himalayas to the Terai lowlands. Different provinces are known for tourism, agriculture, hydropower, mountaineering, religious heritage, and biodiversity.
Key Facts
- National capital: Kathmandu
- Total population: 31,200,000 (Official estimate 2025)
- Total area: 147,516 km² (56,956 sq miles)
- Currency: Nepalese Rupee (NPR)
- Bordering countries: China, India
- Total Provinces: 7
- Total Districts: 77
List of Provinces and Capitals of Nepal
Total provinces shown: 7 | Combined population: 31,200,000 | Combined area: 147,516 km²
| # | Province Name | Capital City | Region Area | Area (km²) | Population (Latest Census) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Koshi Province | Biratnagar | Eastern Nepal | 25,905 | 5,300,000 |
| 2 | Madhesh Province | Janakpur | Southern Plains | 9,661 | 6,400,000 |
| 3 | Bagmati Province | Hetauda | Central Nepal | 20,300 | 6,200,000 |
| 4 | Gandaki Province | Pokhara | Western Highlands | 21,504 | 2,700,000 |
| 5 | Lumbini Province | Deukhuri | Western Terai | 22,288 | 5,400,000 |
| 6 | Karnali Province | Birendranagar | Midwestern Himalayas | 30,211 | 1,900,000 |
| 7 | Sudurpashchim Province | Godawari | Far Western Nepal | 19,539 | 3,300,000 |
Largest Provinces by Area
- Karnali Province - 11,665 sq mi (30,211 km²)
- Koshi Province - 10,002 sq mi (25,905 km²)
- Lumbini Province - 8,605 sq mi (22,288 km²)
- Gandaki Province - 8,303 sq mi (21,504 km²)
- Bagmati Province - 7,838 sq mi (20,300 km²)
- Sudurpashchim Province - 7,544 sq mi (19,539 km²)
- Madhesh Province - 3,730 sq mi (9,661 km²)
Most Populous Provinces
- Madhesh Province - Population: 6,400,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Bagmati Province - Population: 6,200,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Lumbini Province - Population: 5,400,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Koshi Province - Population: 5,300,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Sudurpashchim Province - Population: 3,300,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Gandaki Province - Population: 2,700,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Karnali Province - Population: 1,900,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
Smallest Provinces by Area
- Madhesh Province - 3,730 sq mi (9,661 km²)
- Sudurpashchim Province - 7,544 sq mi (19,539 km²)
- Bagmati Province - 7,838 sq mi (20,300 km²)
- Gandaki Province - 8,303 sq mi (21,504 km²)
- Lumbini Province - 8,605 sq mi (22,288 km²)
- Koshi Province - 10,002 sq mi (25,905 km²)
Provinces by Geographic Grouping
- Central Nepal: Bagmati Province
- Eastern Nepal: Koshi Province
- Far Western Nepal: Sudurpashchim Province
- Midwestern Himalayas: Karnali Province
- Southern Plains: Madhesh Province
- Western Highlands: Gandaki Province
- Western Terai: Lumbini Province
Landlocked Provinces
- All provinces of Nepal are landlocked.
Provinces with Coastline
- None - Nepal is a landlocked country.
Provinces Sharing Borders with Other Countries
- China: Bagmati, Gandaki, Karnali, Koshi, Sudurpashchim
- India: Koshi, Madhesh, Lumbini, Sudurpashchim
Major Geographic Features by Province
| Province | Major Geographic Feature | Known For |
|---|---|---|
| Koshi Province | Mount Everest Region | Himalayan tourism and trekking |
| Madhesh Province | Terai Plains | Agriculture and trade |
| Bagmati Province | Kathmandu Valley | Capital region and heritage sites |
| Gandaki Province | Annapurna Range | Mountaineering and tourism |
| Lumbini Province | Lumbini Sacred Area | Buddhist pilgrimage |
| Karnali Province | Remote Himalayan Valleys | Mountain landscapes and biodiversity |
| Sudurpashchim Province | Far Western Hills | Forests and cultural diversity |
Sources
- Central Bureau of Statistics Nepal
- World Bank - Nepal Data
- CIA World Factbook - Nepal
- Encyclopaedia Britannica - Nepal
- Government of Nepal
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Location Map of Asian Countries
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