Written and Fact-checked by Whereig Editors | Last Updated On: May 22, 2026
San Marino is a small, independent country located within the borders of Italy. It is divided into nine municipalities, or castelli, which are named after the fortresses that once protected the country.
San Marino is a small landlocked country in Southern Europe completely surrounded by Italy on the Italian Peninsula. The country is divided into 9 municipalities known as castelli for local administration and governance. The City of San Marino is the national capital and also the historic administrative center of the republic.
The country includes hilly terrain, mountain ridges, medieval towns, forests, and scenic valleys located near the Apennine Mountains. Different castelli are known for tourism, finance, retail trade, historical landmarks, and cultural heritage.
Key Facts
- National capital: City of San Marino
- Total population: 34,000 (Official estimate 2025)
- Total area: 61 km² (24 sq miles)
- Currency: Euro (€ , EUR)
- Bordering country: Italy
- Total Castelli: 9
- Region: Southern Europe
List of Castelli and Administrative Centers of San Marino
Total administrative divisions shown: 9 | Combined population: 34,000 | Combined area: 61 km²
| # | Castello Name | Administrative Center | Geographic Region | Area (km²) | Population (Latest Estimate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acquaviva | Acquaviva | Western Hills | 4.9 | 2,200 |
| 2 | Borgo Maggiore | Borgo Maggiore | Central Region | 9.0 | 7,000 |
| 3 | Chiesanuova | Chiesanuova | Southwestern Highlands | 5.5 | 1,200 |
| 4 | Domagnano | Domagnano | Eastern Hills | 6.6 | 3,500 |
| 5 | Faetano | Faetano | Southeastern Valleys | 7.8 | 1,300 |
| 6 | Fiorentino | Fiorentino | Southern Region | 6.6 | 2,600 |
| 7 | Montegiardino | Montegiardino | Southern Hills | 3.3 | 1,000 |
| 8 | City of San Marino | San Marino | Capital Highlands | 7.1 | 4,200 |
| 9 | Serravalle | Dogana | Northern Urban Area | 10.5 | 11,000 |
Largest Castelli by Area
- Serravalle - 4.1 sq mi (10.5 km²)
- Borgo Maggiore - 3.5 sq mi (9.0 km²)
- Faetano - 3.0 sq mi (7.8 km²)
- City of San Marino - 2.7 sq mi (7.1 km²)
- Domagnano - 2.5 sq mi (6.6 km²)
- Fiorentino - 2.5 sq mi (6.6 km²)
- Chiesanuova - 2.1 sq mi (5.5 km²)
- Acquaviva - 1.9 sq mi (4.9 km²)
Most Populous Castelli
- Serravalle - Population: 11,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Borgo Maggiore - Population: 7,000 (Official Estimate 2025)
- City of San Marino - Population: 4,200 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Domagnano - Population: 3,500 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Fiorentino - Population: 2,600 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Acquaviva - Population: 2,200 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Faetano - Population: 1,300 (Official Estimate 2025)
- Chiesanuova - Population: 1,200 (Official Estimate 2025)
Smallest Castelli by Area
- Montegiardino - 1.3 sq mi (3.3 km²)
- Acquaviva - 1.9 sq mi (4.9 km²)
- Chiesanuova - 2.1 sq mi (5.5 km²)
- Domagnano - 2.5 sq mi (6.6 km²)
- Fiorentino - 2.5 sq mi (6.6 km²)
- City of San Marino - 2.7 sq mi (7.1 km²)
Castelli by Geographic Grouping
- Capital Highlands: City of San Marino
- Central Region: Borgo Maggiore
- Eastern Hills: Domagnano
- Northern Urban Area: Serravalle
- Southern Hills: Montegiardino
- Southern Region: Fiorentino
- Southeastern Valleys: Faetano
- Southwestern Highlands: Chiesanuova
- Western Hills: Acquaviva
Landlocked Castelli
- All castelli of San Marino are landlocked.
Castelli Bordering Italy
- Acquaviva
- Chiesanuova
- Domagnano
- Faetano
- Fiorentino
- Montegiardino
- Serravalle
Major Economic Activities by Castello
| Castello | Main Economic Activity | Known For |
|---|---|---|
| City of San Marino | Tourism and government | Historic capital and medieval towers |
| Serravalle | Retail and commerce | Largest urban and shopping area |
| Borgo Maggiore | Trade and tourism | Markets and cable car access |
| Domagnano | Business services | Commercial development |
| Fiorentino | Local manufacturing | Residential communities |
| Montegiardino | Education and tourism | Historic village and university area |
Historic and Tourist Attractions
- Guaita Tower: City of San Marino
- Cesta Tower: City of San Marino
- Palazzo Pubblico: City of San Marino
- Mount Titano: City of San Marino
- San Marino Cable Car: Borgo Maggiore
- Olympic Stadium: Serravalle
Sources
- Statistics Office of San Marino
- World Bank - San Marino Data
- CIA World Factbook - San Marino
- Encyclopaedia Britannica - San Marino
- Government of San Marino
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