Northern Europe - Northern European Countries and Capitals

Written and fact-checked by | Last Updated: January 18, 2025, 12:30 ET

The northern region of Europe. Northern Europe can be divided into three parts: Scandinavia, the British Isles, and the Baltics. Given below is the map of Northern Europe countries along with their capitals and other details.

List of Northern European Countries and Capitals

List of Northern European countries and their capitals along with area, population and official languages details. Northern European countries are UK, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, Denmark etc.

CountryCapitalAreaPopulation (2025 est.)Official LanguageCountry CodeLat long
Åland IslandsMariehamn1,580 km²30,500Swedish35860.1167° N, 19.9000° E
DenmarkCopenhagen16,638 sq mi5.95 millionDanish4555.7200° N, 12.5700° E
EstoniaTallinn17,462 sq mi1.33 millionEstonian37259.0000° N, 26.0000° E
Faroe IslandsTórshavn540 sq mi54,000Faroese, Danish29862.0000° N, 6.7833° W
FinlandHelsinki338,424 km²5.60 millionFinnish, Swedish35864.0000° N, 26.0000° E
GuernseySt. Peter Port24.5 sq mi63,000English, French4449.4500° N, 2.5500° W
IcelandReykjavík39,769 sq mi395,000Icelandic35465.0000° N, 18.0000° W
IrelandDublin32,599 sq mi5.30 millionIrish, English35353.0000° N, 8.0000° W
Isle of ManDouglas221 sq mi84,000English, Manx4454.2500° N, 4.5000° W
JerseySaint Helier119.5 km²104,000English, French4449.1900° N, 2.1100° W
LatviaRiga24,034 sq mi1.85 millionLatvian37157.0000° N, 25.0000° E
LithuaniaVilnius65,300 km²2.86 millionLithuanian37055.5833° N, 24.1167° E
NorwayOslo385,199 km²5.55 millionNorwegian4761.0000° N, 8.0000° E
Svalbard and Jan Mayen61,022 km²2,500Norwegian4778.0000° N, 20.0000° E
SwedenStockholm173,860 sq mi10.7 millionSwedish4661.3167° N, 14.8333° E
United KingdomLondon242,495 km²68.3 millionEnglish4453.5500° N, 2.4333° W
Sources: United Nations DESA (2024–2025 est.), National statistics, World Bank.

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Northern European Countries

The northern region of Europe is called Northern Europe. A general definition of Northern Europe could include some or all of the places like the British Isles, Fennoscandia, the Jutland peninsula, the Baltic plain to the east, and the numerous islands that are located offshore of Northern Europe's mainland and the main European continent. Northern Europe is renowned for its diverse natural landscape, which includes vibrantly green forests, active volcanoes, and geysers.

A system developed by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) that classifies the world's nations into regional and sub regional divisions is known as the United Nations geoscheme. According to the United Nations geoscheme, the following countries are classified as Northern Europe. Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, Åland, Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, Svalbard and Jan Mayen are the Northern European Countries. Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, with a total land area of 450,295 km2 (173,860 square miles), and the sixth largest in all of Europe.

With the exception of the United Kingdom, Northern European Countries often have a small population compared to their size, with the majority of people residing in cities. Many countries in Northern Europe's educational system are ranked favorably in worldwide comparisons, with Estonia and Finland topping the list among OECD nations in Europe.

The economies of Northern European Countries are generally developed, and these nations also have some of the greatest living standards in the world. They frequently perform well on surveys of quality of life, such as the Human Development Index. In a large portion of Northern Europe, particularly in Scandinavia, Protestantism is the preeminent Christian tradition. Many European nations have sizable populations that practice non-Christian religions, especially Islam.

Northern Europe Facts

RegionNorthern Europe
ContinentEurope
UN ClassificationDefined by the United Nations Statistics Division
Countries Included Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom
Number of Countries10
Total Population (2025 est.)110–115 million
Total Area1.35 million km²
Most Populous CountryUnited Kingdom
Largest Country by AreaUnited Kingdom
Smallest CountryIceland (by population), Denmark (by area among sovereign states)
Major Cities London, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Dublin, Oslo, Edinburgh
Capital Cities Copenhagen, Tallinn, Helsinki, Reykjavík, Dublin, Riga, Vilnius, Oslo, Stockholm, London
Major Languages English, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, Icelandic, Baltic languages
Major Religions Christianity (mainly Protestantism), growing secular population
Climate Temperate, oceanic, subarctic, Arctic (far north)
Economic Profile Advanced economies, strong welfare systems, innovation-driven industries
Geographic Features Fjords, archipelagos, forests, lakes, Arctic tundra
Famous For High quality of life, Nordic model, natural landscapes, sustainability
Time ZonesUTC+0 to UTC+2
Internet TLD.eu